Table of Contents  

1.0 BACKGROUND
                         

3

1.1 Introduction                                             

3

1.2 Structure of the report                                     

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2.0 ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTE IN AFRICA – A REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES

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2.1 Urban waste

5

2.2 Technologies for Generating Energy from Waste

5

2.2.1 Anaerobic Digestion

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2.2.2 Incineration

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2.2.3 Landfilling

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2.3 Comparison of Technologies

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2.3.1 Waste Composition

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2.3.2 Amount of Waste Needed

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2.3.3 Area Required

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2.3.4 Cost of the Plant

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3.0 LANDFILL TECHNOLOGY – POTENTIAL AND STATUS

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3.1 Fundamentals - How the technology works             

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3.2 Potential for Energy generation from Landfills            

12

3.2.1 Global              

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3.2.2 Africa                         

13

3.3 STATUS OF ENERGY GENERATION FROM LANDFILLS

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3.3.1 Global

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3.3.2 Africa

4.0 KEY DRIVERS AND BARRIERS

5.0 POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR LANDFILL ENERGY

6.0 FINANCING ISSUES FOR LANDFILL

7.0 TECHNICAL CAPACITY ISSUES FOR LANDFILL 26

8.0 RECOMMENDATION 27

9.0 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 28

10.0 APPENDICES 35

GLOSSARY OF TERMS 35

List of tables

Table 1: Summary of urban solid waste energy recovery technologies

Table 2: Empirical ranking of incineration, anaerobic digestion and land-filling

Table 3: Estimates of LFG generation and electricity generation in Africa

Table 4: Registered LFG projects with emission reductions performance reports and a comparison of reported to forecast emission reductions by year of project registration.

Table 5: Output from the digestion of waste in Dar es SalaamTable

Table 6: Cost estimates for the “TAKAGAS” Project

Table 7: TAKAGAS Project economics after commissioning

Table 8: Investment Costs for Methane Gas Capture and Use in Conakry and Dakar

Table 9: Typical Actors in Urban Waste Sub-Sector

 

List of Figures

Figure 1 : Modern Landfill Site

Figure 2: Waste-to-energy facilities world wide

List of Boxes

Box 1: summarized landfill gas capture CDM projects in Asia.

Box 2: South African Minimum Requirements for Land filling of Waste

Box 3: Bio-remediation Landfills in Brazil